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HORNBILLs

Order Bucerotiformes    Family Bucerotidae

The order Bucerotiformes contains two suborders: Buceroti (hornbills) and Upupi (hoopoe and wood hoopoes).

Hornbills are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia . They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly-coloured and sometimes has a casque on the upper mandible. Hornbills are the only birds in which the first two neck vertebrae are fused together; this probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the bill. The large bill assists in fighting, preening, and constructing the nest, as well as catching prey. A feature unique to the hornbills is the casque, a hollow structure that runs along the upper mandible. In some species it is barely perceptible and appears to serve no function beyond reinforcing the bill. In other species it is quite large, is reinforced with bone, and has openings between the hollow centre serving as a resonator for calls.

The family is omnivorous, feeding on fruit and small animals. They cannot swallow food caught at the tip of the beak as their tongues are too short to manipulate it, so they toss it back to the throat with a jerk of the head. They are monogamous breeders nesting in natural cavities in trees and sometimes cliffs.


Genus Aceros - 1 species

Hornbill,_Rufous-necked  Aceros nipalensis  Found: southeast Asia
The male Rufous-necked Hornbill has rufous head, neck, underparts; glossy dark-green upperparts. Female has mainly black plumage; white end of tail.
Image by: 1) Ron_Knight 2) Kalyanvarma 3) Francesco Veronesi - Bhutan
1) Pair



Genus Anorrhinus

Hornbill,_Brown   also Austen's Brown Hornbill  Anorrhinus austeni  Found; northeast India south to Vietnam and Thailand
The Brown Hornbill has brown plumage. Male has white cheeks, throat; pale creamy bill; rufous-brown underparts. Ffemale has a dark head and throat.
Image by: 1) Pkspks  2, 3, 4) LonelyShrimp- Thailand 


Hornbill,_Bushy-crested  Anorrhinus galeritus  Found: southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia
1) Tony_Castro    David_Cook - Borneo


Hornbill,_Rusty-cheeked  also   Tickell's Hornbill   Anorrhinus tickelli  Found: India, Burma, Thailand
The Rusty-cheeked Hornbill has dark brown upperparts; reddish-brown underparts. Male has brighter rufous cheeks and throat.
Image by: 1) Mike  2) Jason Thompson



Genus Anthracoceros

Hornbill,_Black   Anthracoceros malayanus  Found; Asia
Image by: 1) Mahbob Yusof  2) Neil Phillips- the London Zoo  3) Petra_Karstedt   
1) Female  2, 3) Male


Hornbill,_Malabar_Pied  Anthracoceros coronatus    Found: Asia
The Malabar Pied Hornbill has black upperparts, neck, breast; white belly skin around eyes, throat patch; large yellow bill; mainly black casque. Females have white orbital skin.
Image by: 1) Steve Garvie - Sri Lanka  2) Gavin_White  3, 4) Thimindu Goonatillake - Sri Lanka 
1, 2) Female 3, 4) Male


Hornbill,_Oriental Pied  Anthracoceros albirostris    Found: Asia
The Oriental Pied Hornbill has black upperparts, neck, breast; white belly, skin around eyes.
Image by: 1) Mahbob Yusof  2) John J. Mosesso  3) LonelyShrimp - Thailand  4) Dick Daniels - Bronx Zoo


Hornbill,_Palawan   Anthracoceros marchei  Endemic to Palawan island of he Philippines
Image by: 1)   Limchiu 


Hornbill,_Sulu  Anthracoceros montani  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Biodiversity_Heritage_Library  2) Lorenzo_Vinciguerra



Genus Berenicornis - 1 species

Hornbill,_White-crowned  Berenicornis comatus Found: southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia
The White-crowned Hornbill has white head, neck, underparts, tail; remainder black.
Image by: 1, 2) Choy Wai Mun - Nalaysia  3) Tapir Girl - Franklin Park Zoo
1) Juvenile



Genus Buceros

Hornbill,_Great  also Great Indian Hornbill  Buceros bicornis  Found: Asia
Image by: 1) Joachim Muller  2) Dick Daniels -Miami Zoo  3) Stavenn - Bronx Zoo  4) Lip Kee - Malaysia


Hornbill,_Helmeted  Buceros vigil  Found: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia
The Helmeted Hornbill has black upperparts, head, breast; white belly; white tail with black band; bare and wrinkled throat patch; yellowish-red bill, casque. The casque is solid unlike other hornbills.
Image by: 1) Farquhar  2) Doug Janson  3) Martin Hauskrecht  4) Marc_Ameels - Malaysia


Hornbill,_Rhinoceros  Buceros rhinoceros  Found: Asia
Image by: 1) Perry Quan - Dallas Zoo  2) Steve_Wilson  3) Dick Daniels - National Aviary 4) Sandy Cole - National Aviary 
1, 2) Female (white iris)   3, 4) Male


Hornbill,_Rufous  Buceros hydrocorax  Found; Philippines
Image by: 1) Frank Wouters 2) Fiorellino  3) Magalhaes  4)   NCAA_Official
1) Juvenile



Genus Bycanistes
Some include the genus Bycanistes in Family Bucorvidae along with the Ground Hornbills.
The Bycanistes hornbills has black and white plumage. The plumage of the sexes is similar, but the casque of the male is larger than that of the female. They are found in Africa. They have often been included in the genus Ceratogymna,

Hornbill,_Black-and-white-casqued also  Gray-cheeked Hornbill  Bycanistes subcylindricus  Found: central and western Africa
The Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill can be identified by its large casque, white lower back, black tail center panel surronded by white.
Image by: 1, 2) Nik_Borrow - Uganda  3) Dante Alighieri - Bronx Zoo  4) Bernard_Dupont

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Hornbill,_Brown-cheeked   Bycanistes cylindricus  Found: Africa
The Brown-cheeked Hornbill has black and white plumage; white tail with black median band.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Dimitry_Naumenko  3) Hans Olofsson - Uganda 


Hornbill,_Piping  Bycanistes fistulator  Found: Africa
The Piping Hornbill has black upperparts, head, breast; white belly, under-wing coverts, rump; black skin aroung eye. Gray casque is smaller for females.
Similar toTrumpeter Hornbill. Piping Hornbill has black skin around eye; Piping Hornbill has pink skin around eye.
Image by:   1, 2) Dick Daniels - World of Birds , South Africa  3) Moni Sertel


Hornbill,_Silvery-cheeked  Bycanistes brevis  Found: Africa
The Silvery-cheeked Hornbill has black upper-back, head, breast; upper-belly; white lower-back, rump; female has a smaller casque on the beak and a reddish eye-ring.
Similar to: Trumpeter Hornbill. Silvery-cheeked Hornbil has more white on upperparts than Trumpeter Hornbill. Silvery-cheeked Hornbil has more black on underparts than Trumpeter Hornbill.
Image by: 1) Katy Silberger  2, 3, 4) Dick Daniels - Sylvan Heights   5) Sandy Cole - Sylvan Heights  6) Nik_Borrow - Tanzania
1) Female   2 - 6) Male




Hornbill,_Trumpeter  Bycanistes bucinator  Found: Africa
The Trumpeter Hornbill has black upperparts, head, breast; white belly, under-wing coverts, rump; pink skin aroung eye. Gray casque is smaller for females.
Similar toPiping Hornbill. Piping Hornbill has black skin around eye; Piping Hornbill has pink skin around eye.
Similar to: Silvery-cheeked Hornbill. Silvery-cheeked Hornbil has more white on upperparts than Trumpeter Hornbill. Silvery-cheeked Hornbil has more black on underparts than Trumpeter Hornbill.
Image by: 1, 2) Dick Daniels - World of Birds, South Africa   3) Ian White   4) Lip Kee - Botswana
1) Female  2, 3, 4) Male


Hornbill,_White-thighed  Bycanistes albotibialis  Found: Africa
The White-thighted Hornbill is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Brown-cheeked Hornbill.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Sergey_Pisarevskiy - Uganda



Genus Ceratogymna

Hornbill,_Black-casqued  Ceratogymna atrata  Found: Africa
The Black-casqued Hornbill has mainly black plumage; blue facial skin; blue dewlap (bib); some white on lower-tail. Male has black head; female has brown head.
Image by: 1) Daderot   2) Nik_Borrow - Ghana  3, 4) Dick Daniels - World of Birds, South Africa  5) Bernard_Dupont - South Africa  6) Josh_More
1) Female - left, Male - right  2, 3, 4) Female   5, 6) Male



Hornbill,_Yellow-casqued  Ceratogymna elata  Found: coastal regions of west Africa
The Yellow-casqued Hornbill is one of the largest birds of the West African forest, with adults weighing up to 2 kg (4.4 lb).
Image by: 1) Denise Chan 2) Josh_More
1) Female   2) Male



Genus Ocyceros

Hornbill,_Indian_Gray   Ocyceros birostris  Found: Indian subcontinent
The Indian Gray Hornbill has grayish-brown upperparts; darker face; dark brown flight feathers with a whitish tip.
Image by: 1, 2) J M Garg - Hyderabad, India  3) Tarique_Sani  4) photosinframes


Hornbill,_Malabar_Gray  Ocyceros griseus  Found: Southern India
The Malabar Gray Hornbill has gray back; lighter gray underparts; brown-gray wings; cinnamon vent; broad whitish superciliary band above the eye which continues to the neck. Male has reddish bill with yellow tip; female has yellow bill with black at the base of lower mandible.
Image by: 1, 3) Lip Key  2) Rathika Ramasamy 4) Nagesh_Kamath
1) Female  2, 3) Male


Hornbill,_Sri_Lanka_Gray  Ocyceros gingalensis  Endemic to Sri Lanka
The Sri Lanka Gray Hornbill has gray upperparts; blackish tail with white sides; white underparts. Male has cream colored bill; female has black with cream stripe.
Image by: 1) Rafael_Vila  2, 3) Gihan_Jayaweera



Genus Penelopides

Hornbill,_Luzon  Penelopides manillae  Found: Philippines
The Luzon Hornbill is endemic to forests on Luzon and nearby islands in the northern Philippines.
Image by: 1) Mark A Harper  2) Len_Worthington  3) BS Thurner Hof 
1) Female   2, 3) Male


Hornbill,_Mindanao
  Penelopides affinis Found: Philippines
The Mindanao Hornbill found in the canopy of rainforests on Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Berstein49  3) Blake Matheson  3) Jovic_Ferrer
1) Female  2, 3) Male


Hornbill,_Samar   Penelopides samarensis  Found: Philippines
The Samar Hornbill is found on the islands of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte and Bohol in the east-central Philippines. It is also considered a subspecies of Mindanao Hornbill.
Image by: 1) Leif_Gabrielsen  2) Maxime_Thué
1) Pair 2) Male


Hornbill,_Visayan   Penelopides panini  Found: Philippines
The male Visayan Hornbill has black upperparts; creamy-white head, neck; whitish breast; creamy-white tail with broad black tip; blackish bill with yellow ridges; black casque; pinkish-white ocular skin. Female has mainly black plumage; blackish bill with yellow ridges; black casque; bluish ocular skin.
Image by: 1) Magalhães 2)  Steven_Wilson 3) Tim Ellis - Chester Zoo 
1) Pair  2, 3) Male



Genus Rhabdotorrhinus

Hornbill,_Sulawesi  also Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill  Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus   Found: Indonesia
The male Sulawesi Hornbill has mainly black plumage; yellow face, throat. Female has all black plumage.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - San Diego Zoo  2) Chris huh - Whipsnade Zoo, Bedfordshire, England   3) TR_Shankar_Raman
1) Penelopides exarhatus sanfordi  1) Female  2, 3) Male


Hornbill,_Walden's  also  Writhe-billed Hornbill  Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni   also Aceros waldeniFound: Philippines
The Walden's Hornbill has mainly black plumage. Male has yellow throat, ocular skin; Yellow replace by blue for female.
Image by: 1) Prof. Curio 2, 3) Callen Bentley


Hornbill,_Wrinkled  Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus Found: southeast Asia
The Wrinkled Hornbill has mainly black plumage; blue eye-ring; white or rufous-tipped tail. Male has yellow cheeks, neck, throat. Female has black cheeks, neck; blue throat.
Image by: 1) Phalinn  2) Linda_De_Volder  3) Dick Daniels - San Diego Zoo  4) Erik van Roekel  5) Tony_Castro
1, 2) Female   3 - 5) Male



Hornbill,_Writhed  Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus Found; Philippines
The Writhed Hornbill has mainly black plumage; orange-red throat and ocular skin; white tail with black tip.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans 2) Francesco Veronesi   3) Vanessa_David  3) Patricia Casteren
1) Male on left  2) Female  3) Male



Genus Rhyticeros
Many in genus Rhyticeros were formerly placed in Aceros.

Hornbill,_Blyth's  Rhyticeros plicatus  Found: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
The Blyth's Hornbill,_also known as Papaun Hornbill,  has mainly black plumage. Male has golden or orange-buff head; pale blue orbital skin; white throat, tail. Female has whtie throat, tail;
Image by: 1) Cifor 2) yumievriwan  3) Stephen Hanafin  4) Jerry Oldenettel - Papua New Guinea
1, 2) Female 3) Male  4) Pair


Hornbill,_Knobbed  Rhyticeros cassidix Found: Philippines
The Knobbed Hornbill has a large casque (knob); mainly black plumage; blue and black throat. Male has rufous/buff face, neck; orange-red eyes; reddish casque. Female has black face, neck; yellow casque; brownish eyes.
Image by: 1) WarriorWoman  2) Mario Pineda - Los Angeles Zoo  3) Lip Kee - North Sulawesi  4) Asim_Bharwani
1) Pair  2) Female  3, 4) Male


Hornbill,_Narcondam  Rhyticeros narcondami Found: Indian island of Narcondam
The male Narcondam has rufous head, neck; black body; orange-red eye; blue ocular skin; white tail. Female has black plumage; bluish-white neck patch; blue ocular skin; white tail. Also identifed as Rhyticeros narcondami.
Image by: 1) Shyamai  2) Niranjan_Sant  3) Jan Veenstra
2) Female  3) Male


Hornbill,_Plain-pouched  Rhyticeros subruficollis Found: southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia
The Plain-pouched Hornbill has mainly black plumage. Male has orange throat pouch; female has blue throat pouch.
Similar to: Wreathed Hornbill. Male Wreathed Hornbill has black line on its blue throat pouch; male Plain-pouched Hornbill does not have a black line on its blue pouch. Female Plain-pouched Hornbill has blue ocular skin; female Wreathed Hornbill does not have blue.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) KS Kong  3) Vikali_Kupotea


Hornbill,_Sumba   Rhyticeros everetti Found: forests of Sumba in Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia
The Sumba Hornbill has mainly blackish plumage; yellowish bill. Male has reddish-brown crown nape; female has black crown, nape.
Image by: 1) Stavenn   2) Lorenzo_Vinciguerra   3) Ingo_Waschkies  4) Peter_Ericsson
1, 2) Female 3, 4) Male


Hornbill,_Wreathed  Rhyticeros undulatus  Found: India, southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia
The Wreathed Hornbill has mainly black plumage. Male has orange throat pouch; female has blue throat pouch.
Similar to: Plain-pouched Hornbill. Male Wreathed Hornbill has black line on its blue throat pouch; male Plain-pouched Hornbill does not have a black line on its blue pouch. Female Plain-pouched Hornbill has blue ocular skin; female Wreathed Hornbill does not have blue.
Image by:   1) Sivain de Munck  2) Magalhaes  3,  6,  7) Dick Daniels - Sylvan Heights  4) Sandy Cole  5) Jarod  8) Jerry Oldenettel - Thailand
1) Male - left; female - right   2, 3, 4) Female   5 - 9) Male



Genus Tockus

Hornbill,_African_Pied  Tockus fasciatus   Found: Africa
The African Pied Hornbill has black upperparts, breast; white belly; yellow bill with black tip; casque.
Image by:   1) Harald_Süpfle  2) Nik Borrow - Guinea    3, 5) Matti_Suopajärvi - Gambia 4) Anneli Moeller  



Hornbill,_Black_Dwarf  Tockus hartlaubi Found: Africa
The Black Dwarf Hornbill is found in n Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda.
Image by: 1) Harald_Süpfle  2) Daniel Giraud Elliot 


Hornbill,_Bradfield's  Tockus bradfieldi  Found: Africa
The Bradfield's Hornbill has grayish-black upperparts, head, upper-breast; white lower-breast; belly; red bill with casque; yellow eyes.
Similar to: Crowned Hornbill. Crowned Hornbill has darker upperparts than Bradfield's Hornbill.
Image by: 1) Harald_Supfle  2) Charlie Westerinen - Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe  3) Ian White - Botswana


Hornbill,_Crowned  Tockus alboterminatus  Found: Africa
The Crowned Hornbill has black upperparts, head, upper-breast; white lower-breast; belly; red bill with casque; yellow eyes.
Similar to: Bradfield's Hornbill. Crowned Hornbill has darker upperparts than Bradfield's Hornbill.
Image by: 1) Harald_Supfle  2) Derek Keats  3) Sergey_Yeliseev  4) 4028mdk09   4) Nik_Borrow - Uganda


Hornbill,_Damara_Red-billed Tockus damarensis Found; Nambia Image by: 1) Hans Hillewaert - Namibia  2) Ron_Knight   3) Tim_Ellis


Hornbill,_Eastern_Yellow-billed Tockus flavirostris   Found: Africa
The Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill has black back with abundant white spots and stripes; gray neck; white belly; yellow beak.
Similar to: Southern Yellow-bellied Hornbill. Eastern Yellow-bellied Hornbill has blackish skin around the eyes; Southern Yellow-bellied Hornbills has pinkish skin around the eyes.
Image by: 1) Eric  - Discovery Cove, Orlando, Florida    2) Greg Hume - Cincinnati Zoo  3) Steve_Garvie  4) Nik_Borrow - Ethiopia


Hornbill,_Gray
  also African Gray Hornbill Tockus nasutus  Found: Africa
The African Gray Hornbill has mainly gray plumage; darker head, flighg feathers, tail; white line down each side of head; small casque. The male has a black bill, whereas the female has red on the mandibles.
Image by: 1, 6) Charles_J_Sharp - Namibia, Gambia  2) Arno Meinties   3) Darren Bellerby - Kenya  4, 5) Nik_Borrow - Ethiopia , Ghana
1 - 4) Female  5, 6) Male



Hornbill,_Hemprich's   Tockus hemprichii  Found: Africa
The Hemprich's Hornbill is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
Image by: 1) Harald_Supfle  Steve Evans Ethopia  2) Alastair Rae  3) Michael and Helen Cox - Kenya


Hornbill,_Jackson's   Tockus jacksoni  Found: Africa
The Jackson's Hornbill has black upperparts with white spots; white head with black cap and black eye-patch; mainly white underparts; red (male) or black (female) bill.
Similar to: Von der Decken's Hornbill. Jackson's Hornbill has white spots on upperparts; Von der Decken's does not.
Image by: 1, 4) Charles_J_Sharp - Kenya  2, 5) Steve Garvie   3) Lip_kee  6) Mathieu_Breitenstein - Kenya
1 - 3) Female   4 - 6) Male



Hornbill,_Monteiro's Tockus monteiri Found: Namibia
The Monteiro's Hornbill has a black back with white spots; black head, neck, breast; white belly; red biil; black eyes. Female is smaller than male and has turquoise facial skin.
Image by:  1) Gregoire_Dubois  2) Francesco Veronesi - Etosha, Namibi  3) Jeffrey Hotson - Namibia  4) Nanosanchez


Hornbill,_Northern_Red-billed Tockus erythrorhynchus Found: Africa Image by:  1) Gary Stolz - Kenya  2) Ron Knight - Cameroon  3) Charles_J_Sharp - Kenya  4) Nik_Borrow - Ethiopia


Hornbill,_Pale-billed  Tockus pallidirostris  Found; Africa
The Pale-billed Hornbill is found in Angola, DRC, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Image by: 1) Peter_Steward - Malawi  2, 3) Nik_Borrow - Malawi


Hornbill,_Southern_Red-billed  Tockus rufirostris  Found: southern Africa. Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - Kruger National Park, South Africa   2) Arno_Meintjes   3) Darren - South Africa


Hornbill,_Southern Yellow-billed Tockus leucomelas   Found: Africa
The Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill has black back with abundant white spots and stripes; gray neck; white belly; yellow beak with casque.
Similar to: Eastern Yellow-bellied Hornbill. Eastern Yellow-bellied Hornbill has blackish skin around the eyes; Southern Yellow-bellied Hornbills has pinkish skin around the eyes.
Image by: 1) Derek_Keats - South Africa   2, 3) Dick - Kruger National Park, South Africa   4) Sandy Cole in South Africa    5) Cristiano Crolle - Kalahari desert, Namibia



Hornbill,_Tanzanian Red-billed Tockus ruahae Found: Tanzania Image by: 1, 2) Dick Daniels- Tanzaia  3) Nevit Dilmen - Tanzania  4) Nik_Borrow - Tanzania


Hornbill,_von der Decken's Tockus deckeni   Found: Africa
The Von der Decken's Hornbill has black upperparts; white head with black cap and black eye-patch; mainly white underparts; red (male) or black (female) bill.
Similar to: Jackson's Hornbill. Jackson's Hornbill has white spots on upperparts; Von der Decken's does not.
Image by 1, 4) Steven G Johnson - the London Zoo    2, 3) Dick Daniels - Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo  6) Dick - Tanzania   5) Nik_Borrow - Tanzania
1, 2, 3) Female   4, 5, 6) Male



Hornbill,_Western Red-billed  Tockus kempi  Found: Senegal and Gambia to southern Mauritania and western Mali Image by: 1) Allan Hopkins - Gambia  2) Thomas Brown  3) Charles J Sharp  4) Nik_Borrow - Senegal



Genus Tropicranus - 1 species

Hornbill, White-crested  also Long-tailed Hornbill  also Tropicranus albocristatus  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Sandy Cole - San Diego Zoo  2, 4) Dick Daniels - Bronx Zoo, San Diego Zoo  3) Charlie Westerinen




GROUND HORNBILLs

Order Bucerotiformes    Family Bucorvidae

Genus Bucorvus

Hornbill,_Northern Ground- also Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill  Bucorvus abyssinicus   Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Alois Staudacher  2) Radomil  3, 4, 5) Dick Daniels - San Diego Zoo
1, 2) Female  3, 4, 5) Male



Hornbill,_Southern Ground- Bucorvus leadbeateri Found: Africa
Image by:  1, 2) Arno Meintjes  3, 4) Dick Daniels - World of Birds, South Africa 





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